Behind The Rastaman’s Exodus And Its Life (american kickboxing)
No commentsBy Marvin Cervantes
He was a man obsessed with privacy and devoted much of his lifetime protecting this mystique. It was said that not even some of his closest friends, family, and associates were not able to get a full picture of this Rasta Man. His unfathomable easy going attitude towards life added to his allure. His lyrics were able to transcend languages, cultures, and nationalities. Rising like the phoenix from the ashes he was able to rise out to his humble Trench Town beginnings to become the Reggae Superstar.
Born of a middle-aged white father and a teenage black mother, Robert Nesta Marley or popularly known as Bob Marley grew up poor in Trenchtown, Jamaica and was the biological product of a mixed race relationship. Cedella, his teenage mother, became involved with Norval Marley. Bob Marley was the product of that relationship. Norval was of an English upper class background. This fact placed a strain on the relationship between the two from the very beginning.
Marley began singing professionally at 16 with two friends, Bunny Livingston (a.k.a. Bunny Wailer) and Peter McIntosh (a.k.a. “Tosh”). He made his first record, “Judge Not,” in 1962 with the band called Teenagers. A few years later, as the Wailers, Marley and associates had begun mixing political content with unusual covers such as “And I Love Her” and “What’s New Pussycat?” — slowing the quick, prevalent ska beat down and calling it “rude boy music.”
It wasn’t until 1973 that Marley made his first professional recording. It was the album, “Catch A Fire” which introduced the reggae idiom to an international audience. With the Wailers, one of the greatest back-up bands of all time behind him, the freshness gave rock fans something new to dance to and a powerfully compelling brand of lyrical consciousness to hear. In the late ’70s, Marley continued to enjoy worldwide hits with songs like “Exodus” (1977), “Waiting In Vain” (1977), “Jamming” (1977), and “Is This Love” (1978), and albums “Rastaman Vibration” and “Exodus.”
On a European tour in 1977, Marley & the Wailers played his other passion, a soccer game against a team of French journalists. In the process, Marley injured his foot. Treatment revealed cancerous cells, but he refused surgery. The wound would not completely heal, and his toenail later fell off during the soccer game. It was then that the correct diagnosis was made. Marley actually had a form of skin cancer, malignant melanoma, which grew under his toenail.
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It involves the cells that produce the skin pigment melanin which is responsible for skin and hair color. Malignant melanoma is a cancer which usually starts in the skin, either in a mole or in normal-looking skin. Although the number of people who develop melanoma is rising, it is still an uncommon type of cancer.
Melanoma develops from cells in the skin known as melanocytes. Melanocytes give the skin its color. In melanoma, the melanocytes start to grow and divide more quickly than usual and start to spread into the surrounding surface layers of skin. This happens slowly over some months. If the melanoma is found at this early stage, it can be removed with surgery. Most people with melanoma less than one millimeter in depth are cured. In the United States, most melanomas are found at this early stage.
If the melanoma is not removed, the cells can begin to grow down into the deeper layers of the skin. These layers contain tiny blood vessels and lymph channels. If the melanoma cells go into the blood vessels or lymph channels, they can travel to other parts of the body in the blood stream or lymph system, which what actually happened to Marley. The cancer had spread to his brain, lungs, and liver. He did have surgery to try to excise the cancer cells. The cancer was kept a secret from the wider public.
He was advised to get his toe amputated, but he refused because of the Rastafarian belief that doctors are “samfai,” men who cheat the gullible by pretending to have the power of witchcraft. He was also concerned about the impact the operation would have on his dancing. Amputation would greatly affect his career at a time when success was close at hand. Still, Marley based this refusal on his Rastafarian beliefs, saying, “Rasta no abide amputation. I and I don’t allow a mon ta be dismantled.”
In 1980, again on tour, Marley collapsed while jogging in New York’s Central Park, and he died eight months later. The music world had lost one of its true and potent activists, a man who had grown up from the ghettos of Trenchtown to become a musical ambassador the world over.
Powered by his Rastafarian faith and lifestyle, his love for pop music, and his transparently honest political convictions, Bob Marley was certainly the one and only universal ambassador of Jamaica’s renowned reggae music. His songs of resolution, rebellion, and justice moved millions of audiences all over the world then and even until now. As a top-selling superstar and a semi-religious icon, Marley’s work in promoting peace, justice, and brotherhood nearly outweighed the brilliance of his reggae music. Sadly, the cancer that struck him ended his career and led him to another exodus to the next world.
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The Importance of Peer Review in Medical Research
By Brenton Mason
When seeking information on the latest updates in the field of medicine the best place to look is in a peer reviewed scientific journal. It is essential that a journal be peer reviewed to ensure that information is as accurate and up to date as possible.
Many publications do not utilize the process of peer review for its articles. Many common periodicals are examples of this. Magazines such as Cosmo, Good Housekeeping, and Time magazine are examples of this. It is up to an editor to decide whether or not to make an article available for public consumption. The flaw in this system can be found in the simple fact that no one is able to know everything about everything. Editors can make mistakes based on their own lack of knowledge. In addition, articles written based upon personal opinion, unfounded statements or biased research may be printed, which is fine if the periodical is searching for an opinion but not so valued when the reader is searching for cold, hard fact. By using peer review, much of this possibility is eliminated.
The process of peer review (or refereeing, as it is also known as in the scientific community) is very simple. All articles written concerning research projects to be published will be submitted to the editor of the journal in question. Copies of the article are then distributed to two or three experts in the field of which the article is written (for example, an article concerning congestive heart failure would be submitted to several experts in the field of cardiology). These professionals (the author’s “peers”) will then evaluate the article for accuracy, quality and relevance to the journal the author wishes it to be published in and submit their evaluation to the editor of the article in question. In this way a great pool of knowledge is being combined to decide if an article is fit for publication.
In the past reviewers have normally retained anonymity, both to the author whose work they have reviewed and the general public, preventing an author from launching a personal vendetta against a specific reviewer; however, in some instances editors have allowed an author to make a rebuttal to a reviewer who had criticized their work, particularly if an article received mixed reviews. This system is gradually changing, as cries for accountability are becoming heard. The Journal of Interactive Media in Education was among the first to utilize an open peer review system, by which reviewers names are made public and they may be held accountable for their statements.
Peer reviewed journals are generally easily distinguished from other periodicals. They present a much more sedate appearance and utilize a great deal of technical language, and all sources will be cited. Topics will focus on scientific research rather than general events, and are quite obviously focused towards fellow professionals in the field rather than the average reader. If they are unsure as to whether a publication has been peer reviewed a number of sources are available for scholars which provide a listing of peer reviewed journals across the country.
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Mental Health Issues And The Differences Between Them
By Harry Ayala
How would you feel when the whole world is crumbling down before you and the people whom you consider to show concern for you seem to be avoiding you or drifting away because of the unusual behavior you may have been exhibiting?
The feeling of depression becomes more intense and you will just continue to spiral down until you resort to drugs or suicide in order to put a stop to the unresolved feeling.
Sometimes, we look at people suffering from mental illness with disdain. We tend to be scared, as if the illness can contaminate us. We isolate, reject, or even ridicule a person with mental illness. Has it crossed your mind about how you would like to be treated if it happened to you?
Mental health issues can be caused by a lot of factors such biochemical imbalances in the brain, nutrient deficiencies, as well as toxins. It can also be genetics, inability to cope, poor social skills, or a reaction to a negative experience. The anxiety and depression being felt are signs of deeper psychological issues.
Psychiatrist Stanislav Grof used the term “Spiritual emergency” in describing the state of mental illness while psychiatrist Peter Breggin coined the term “psychospiritual overwhelm”. Both phrases take the mystery out of the diagnosis by describing a process. It connotes an experience, not a stigmatized label that can last a lifetime.
If psychosis is not a life-long condition but a temporary response similar to a runny nose when we have a cold, then there is something we can do to empower those people who are undergoing mental distress.
If we can learn to read the warning signs of an impending cold, then we can learn to interpret the deeper cause and meaning of psychological overwhelm. By taking time to explore our feelings instead of reacting to them, we can definitely make some headway.
There is nothing to be afraid of emotions. Feelings shouldn’t be denied. There’s a reason why such feelings or emotions exist. By deciphering them early on we have the chance to negate their snowballing effect.
The body and the mind will always try to find balance or regain equilibrium no matter how filled with emotion a person is. But often we need prodding to grapple with uncomfortable feelings, to get to their root. Deep emotion is not something we understand well in this society. It is reserved for poets and artists.
Parents of mentally ill patients often say that “she was too sensitive” or “he gets so emotional”, implying as if either of these qualities was a bad thing. However, the human mind thrives on rhythm, imagination and metaphors. The subconscious feeds on dreams to create, to solve problems, and to come to terms with what is in the waking world.
In order to unravel the meaning of your emotions, an extraordinary yet relatively simple process known as Tracking is developed by psychologist Dr Vern Woolf which makes use of the imagination and senses (sight, sound, colour, texture and smell) to understand the positive intent of uncomfortable feelings. It can be used to make decipher the “voices” heard in episodes of schizophrenia.
When we are feeling down, or we had a bad day, creative approaches, such as music, art, visualization or tracking can help channel emotion and the senses into a realm we can easily understand. Not only do they take the pressure off of a potentially explosive and disempowering personal experience, but they can also be used to discover our own uniqueness. They enable us to know ourselves in ways we never thought possible and ultimately, to make us stronger in what is often an alienating and stress-inducing world.
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